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Trends in prenatal prescription opioid use among Medicaid beneficiaries in Wisconsin, 2010-2019
Deborah B Ehrenthal1,2, Yi Wang3,4, Jessica Pac5,6
1Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. DebEhrenthal@psu.edu.
Objective:
To examine changes in prenatal opioid prescription exposure following new guidelines and policies.
Study Design:
Cohort study of all (262,284) Wisconsin Medicaid-insured live births 2010-2019. Prenatal exposures were classified as analgesic, short term, and chronic (90+ days), and medications used to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD). We describe overall and stratified temporal trends and used linear probability models with interaction terms to test their significance.
Result:
We found 42,437 (16.2%) infants with prenatal exposure; most (90.5%) reflected analgesic opioids. From 2010 to 2019, overall exposure declined 12.8 percentage points (95% CI = 12.1-13.1). Reductions were observed across maternal demographic groups and in both rural and urban settings, though the extent varied. There was a small reduction in chronic analgesic exposure and a concurrent increase in MOUD.
Conclusion:
Broad and sustained declines in prenatal prescription opioid exposure occurred over the decade, with little change in the percentage of infants chronically exposed.
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