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TAKEN BY STORM: HURRICANES, MIGRANT NETWORKS, AND U.S. IMMIGRATION.

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Potential migrants do respond to changing migration conditions. Hurricanes, by reducing origin area attractiveness, increase U.S. immigration, especially when established migrant networks lower migration costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental sociology
  • Migration studies
  • Economics

Background:

  • Potential migrants' decisions are influenced by origin area attractiveness and migration costs.
  • Natural disasters like hurricanes can significantly alter the perceived attractiveness of origin locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how natural disasters, specifically hurricanes, impact migration flows to the United States.
  • To determine the role of migrant networks in facilitating migration in response to origin area shocks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized restricted-access U.S. Census data for precise migration measurements.
  • Analyzed migration patterns from hurricane-affected countries of origin.
  • Examined the relationship between hurricane intensity, migrant stock size, and immigration flows.

Main Results:

  • Hurricanes significantly increase U.S. immigration from affected countries.
  • The impact of hurricanes on migration is amplified by the presence of larger, pre-existing migrant networks.
  • Hurricane-induced immigration is primarily composed of new legal permanent residents (green card holders).

Conclusions:

  • Natural disasters can act as a catalyst for migration, particularly when social networks mitigate migration barriers.
  • Migrant networks play a crucial role in reducing the fixed costs associated with international migration.
  • Policy implications may involve understanding the interplay between environmental shocks and established diasporic communities.