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Monolithic Interphase Enables Fast Kinetics for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries at Subzero Temperature.

Yi-Hu Feng¹, Mengting Liu¹, Junxiu Wu²

¹Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|April 2, 2024

Summary

A novel low-concentration electrolyte enables high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) at low temperatures. This electrolyte forms a stable interphase, enhancing cycling stability and rate capability in subzero environments.

Keywords:

interphase kinetics low temperature sodium-ion batteries solvation structure

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Energy Storage

Background:

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) show promise but face challenges in low-temperature performance due to sluggish kinetics and unstable interphases.
Existing electrolytes struggle to maintain efficiency and stability in subzero conditions, limiting SIB applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-concentration electrolyte for SIBs that enhances electrochemical performance at low temperatures.
To investigate the formation and properties of the electrode/electrolyte interphase at subzero temperatures.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a 0.5M NaPF6 electrolyte in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Electrochemical testing of SIBs (Na0.7Li0.03Mg0.03Ni0.27Mn0.6Ti0.07O2//Na and hard carbon//Na) at low temperatures.
Analysis of the cathode/electrolyte interphase using advanced characterization techniques.

Main Results:

The proposed electrolyte forms a thin, amorphous, and homogeneous cathode/electrolyte interphase rich in organic components.
This interphase facilitates Na+ migration and blocks detrimental side reactions, improving structural stability.
SIBs demonstrated high capacity retention (90.8% after 900 cycles at 1C) and a capacity over 310 mAh g-1 at -30°C.

Conclusions:

The developed low-concentration electrolyte significantly improves the low-temperature performance of SIBs.
The engineered interphase is key to achieving long-term cycling stability and excellent rate capability in subzero environments.
This work paves the way for practical SIB applications in cold climates.