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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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What do cancer-specific T cells 'see'?

Sabaria Shah1, Abdullah Al-Omari1, Katherine W Cook1

  • 1Scancell Limited, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.

Discovery Immunology
|April 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells present unique antigens for T cell recognition, with post-translational modifications (PTMs) offering novel targets. PTM-specific T cell responses show promise in cancer therapy by evading tolerance and improving tumor microenvironment interactions.

Keywords:
T cellsmutational neo-epitopepost-translational modificationtumour antigenvirus-associated tumour

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Complex interactions between the immune system and cancer influence tumor progression.
  • T cells are crucial for anti-cancer immunity but face challenges in distinguishing tumor from healthy tissue antigens.
  • Tumor-specific antigens can arise from mutations or alterations in tumor cell biology, such as post-translational modifications (PTMs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of PTM-derived antigens in cancer immunity.
  • To investigate the potential of PTM-specific T cell responses in cancer therapy.
  • To understand how immune tolerance and the tumor microenvironment shape anti-cancer immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cellular interactions between immune cells and cancer.
  • Identification and characterization of tumor-specific antigens, including PTM-derived antigens.
  • Evaluation of T cell responses (CD4+ and CD8+) in murine cancer models.

Main Results:

  • PTM-derived antigens can elicit tumor-specific T cell responses that escape central tolerance.
  • PTM-specific CD4+ T cell responses have demonstrated therapeutic potential in preclinical cancer models.
  • Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are important in overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • PTM-derived antigens represent a promising avenue for developing targeted cancer immunotherapies.
  • Targeting PTM-specific T cell responses may offer a way to achieve tumor-specific immunity without the need for individualized therapies.
  • Further understanding of antigen recognition, immune tolerance, and the tumor microenvironment is critical for advancing cancer treatment strategies.