Hand hygiene
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection
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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface
Published on: August 11, 2017
Chandana Lanka1, Prashant Bhenswala1, Muhddesa Lakhana2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai South Nassau.
Single-use duodenoscopes offer advantages in reducing patient cross-contamination and reprocessing burdens compared to reusable models in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, cost and environmental impact are key considerations for adoption.
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