Cluster Headache, SUNCT, and SUNA

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of three types of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: cluster headache (the most common), short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT), and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA).

The first-line treatments for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias have not changed in recent years: cluster headache is managed with oxygen, triptans, and verapamil, and SUNCT and SUNA are managed with lamotrigine. However, new successful clinical trials of high-dose prednisone, high-dose galcanezumab, and occipital nerve stimulation provide additional options for patients with cluster headache. Furthermore, new genetic and imaging tests in patients with cluster headache hold promise for a better understanding of its pathophysiology.

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias are a group of diseases that appear similar to each other and other headache disorders but have important differences. Proper diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment.