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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Role of miRNAs in Brain Development.

Himanshu Sharma1, Monika Kaushik2, Priyanka Goswami3

  • 1Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (UP), 244001, India.

Microrna (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for brain development and neural activity, regulating gene expression after transcription. Research highlights their role in central nervous system growth and potential therapeutic applications for brain diseases.

Keywords:
bio-markersbiogenesisbrain developmentbrain physiologymiR-17-92miR-9miRNAneurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • The nervous system extensively expresses miRNAs, which are vital for brain growth and neural function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the significance of miRNAs in brain development.
  • To explore miRNA's role in neural progenitor cell processes and gene regulation.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding brain diseases and developing novel therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on targeting and eliminating key miRNA biogenesis pathways (e.g., Dicer, DGCR8).
  • Analysis of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in neural differentiation, circadian rhythms, and synaptic remodeling.

Main Results:

  • miRNA modulation impacts neural progenitor cell differentiation, proliferation, and fate determination.
  • miRNAs are integral to central nervous system development, operational dynamics, and disease pathology.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a major role in brain development and function.
  • Understanding miRNA-mediated gene regulation offers insights into brain diseases.
  • miRNAs present novel therapeutic opportunities for various human illnesses.