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Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System
Published on: January 31, 2018
Optimizing antigen selection for the development of tuberculosis vaccines.
Yang Yang1, Yi-Zhen Chen1, Tian Xia1,2
1State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are crucial as the current Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine shows limited efficacy in adults. This review examines promising TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials, focusing on antigens for improved TB control.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).
- The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, used for a century, offers protection against pediatric extrapulmonary TB but has inconsistent efficacy against adult pulmonary TB.
- There is a critical need for novel TB vaccines providing broad population protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a concise overview of novel TB vaccines currently in clinical trials.
- To discuss their classification, protective efficacy, immunogenicity, advantages, and limitations.
- To summarize the molecular characteristics, biological function, and immunogenicity of selected TB vaccine antigens.
Main Methods:
- Review of novel TB vaccines undergoing clinical trials.
- Analysis of vaccine antigen selection, focusing on molecular characteristics and biological function.
- Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy data from relevant studies.
Main Results:
- Several novel TB vaccine candidates are in various stages of clinical trials.
- Antigen selection is critical for inducing strong and diverse immune responses.
- Insights into immunogenic proteins will guide the development of next-generation TB vaccines, including mRNA vaccines.
Conclusions:
- Novel TB vaccines are essential to overcome the limitations of the current BCG vaccine.
- Understanding antigen properties is key to developing effective vaccines against TB.
- mRNA vaccine technology shows promise for future TB control strategies.
