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Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC) shows mixed results for children with ADHD, reducing negative behaviors but also decreasing positive interactions in some contexts. Outcomes vary based on comorbidities and friendship stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience peer difficulties.
  • Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC) aims to improve children's friendship skills by coaching parents.
  • Peer contagion processes, both positive (dyadic mutuality) and negative (coercive joining), influence friendship dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC) promotes positive peer contagion (dyadic mutuality).
  • To determine if PFC reduces negative peer contagion (coercive joining) in children with ADHD.
  • To examine the impact of PFC on friendship processes over time.

Main Methods:

  • 134 families of children with ADHD and peer problems were randomized to PFC or CARE.
  • Children were observed with a friend during cooperation and competition tasks at baseline, post-treatment, and 8-month follow-up.
  • Dyadic mutuality and coercive joining behaviors were coded for amount and reciprocity.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed increased mutuality in cooperation and decreased coercive joining in competition over time.
  • PFC reduced coercive joining during cooperation compared to CARE.
  • PFC decreased positive affect reciprocity during cooperation and increased coercive joining reciprocity during competition relative to CARE.

Conclusions:

  • PFC's efficacy is influenced by transactional processes and context.
  • Externalizing comorbidities and friendship stability moderate PFC's impact.
  • Findings underscore the complexity of peer contagion in children with ADHD.