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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Skin dermatoses in the returning traveller: a practical guide.

Anthoula Efstathiadou1, Harilena Tsourouktsoglou2, Alexa R Shipman1

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Returning travelers frequently experience skin problems, including common infections and arthropod-borne diseases. This study offers a practical guide with diagnostic tools to aid clinicians in identifying and managing these travel-related skin conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Travel Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Skin conditions are prevalent among individuals returning from travel, despite preventive measures.
  • Travelers may acquire common global diseases (e.g., lice, scabies) and arthropod-borne illnesses specific to their destinations.
  • The diversity of dermatoses in returning travelers necessitates a structured diagnostic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with a practical guide for diagnosing and managing skin conditions in returning travelers.
  • To address the diagnostic challenges associated with travel-related dermatoses.
  • To create a resource that aids in the identification of common skin problems by geographic region.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a diagnostic flowchart for skin conditions in returning travelers.
  • Creation of a world map illustrating common skin problems by continent.
  • Inclusion of information on diagnostic investigations and tables of common infectious skin diseases and their presentations.

Main Results:

  • A structured approach to diagnosing travel-related skin conditions is presented.
  • Geographic distribution of common dermatoses is mapped.
  • Key investigations and clinical presentations of infectious skin diseases are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians can utilize the provided guide to effectively approach skin dermatoses in patients returning from travel.
  • The diagnostic flowchart and regional maps aid in identifying potential causes of skin problems.
  • This resource aims to improve the management of dermatological conditions encountered in travel medicine.