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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Rare-earth monopnictides exhibit complex magnetism, electronic correlation, and topological band structures.
  • Emergent arc-like surface states in these materials are linked to multi-wave-vector antiferromagnetic order, but direct evidence was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct experimental evidence of non-collinear antiferromagnetic order in rare-earth monopnictides.
  • To elucidate the relationship between magnetic order and topological surface states.
  • To investigate a hidden spin-rotation transition and its effect on electronic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) to observe magnetic order.
  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to measure surface states.
  • Theoretical calculations to analyze band structure and topological properties.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of non-collinear antiferromagnetic order with multiple modulations in NdSb.
  • Discovery of a hidden spin-rotation transition 2 K below the Néel temperature, shifting from single to multiple modulations.
  • Coincidence of the hidden transition with the onset of surface state splitting, as measured by ARPES.
  • Calculations revealed single modulation induces topological surface states, while multiple modulations further split surface bands via spin tilting.

Conclusions:

  • The non-collinear spin order in NdSb is the direct cause of emergent topological surface states.
  • A hidden spin-rotation transition plays a crucial role in modulating these topological states.
  • This work establishes a new approach for controlling and manipulating band topology using magnetism in quantum materials.