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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

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Published on: April 22, 2022

[Polypharmacy in older people].

¹Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo.

Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics

|April 7, 2024

Summary

Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications in older adults, increases risks and complicates adherence. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and targeted deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are crucial for safe and effective medication management.

Keywords:

Comprehensive geriatric assessment Medication adherence Multimorbidity Polypharmacy Potentially inappropriate medication

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Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

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Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

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Published on: September 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Geriatric Medicine
Pharmacology
Public Health

Context:

Polypharmacy is a growing concern in aging populations, particularly with the rise in multimorbidity.
Published guidelines emphasize safe drug therapy for older individuals, highlighting the challenges of managing multiple medications.
Older adults often face increased risks of side effects, confusion, and adherence difficulties due to polypharmacy.

Purpose:

To review the challenges and strategies associated with managing polypharmacy in older adults.
To emphasize the importance of geriatric assessment in medication reviews.
To discuss the role of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and deprescribing in improving patient outcomes.

Summary:

Polypharmacy, common in older adults with multimorbidity, necessitates careful medication review to mitigate risks like side effects and poor adherence.
Geriatric assessment, considering physical, cognitive, and social factors, is essential for effective drug discontinuation.
Targeting potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using established criteria and simplifying prescriptions are key strategies for managing polypharmacy.

Impact:

Improved medication safety and adherence in the elderly population.
Reduced healthcare burden associated with adverse drug events and complex medication regimens.
Enhanced quality of life for older adults through optimized pharmacotherapy.