Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

794
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
794
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

728
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
728
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

763
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
763

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Analysis of Proteins and Peptides by Electrokinetic Stacking Coupled with Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Reminiscence on Renato Zenobi.

Mass spectrometry reviews·2025
Same author

Analysis of Drugs in Whole Blood by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry with Integrated Solid-Phase Extraction.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Reversible Interconversion of Nitrate and Nitrite Catalyzed by Periplasmic Nitrate Reductase from <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Identification and Mitigation of Pyrolysis Products in Laser-Cut Paper for Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2025
Same author

Electrokinetic Manipulations Combined With Direct and Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Mass spectrometry reviews·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.6K

Plasma drug screening using paper spray mass spectrometry with integrated solid phase extraction.

Hannah Zimmerman-Federle1, Greta Ren1, Sarah Dowling1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Drug Testing and Analysis
|April 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new method uses paper spray cartridges for rapid screening of ~160 drugs, including fentanyl analogs and synthetic cannabinoids, in overdose samples. This technique achieves sub-nanogram per milliliter detection limits in plasma for enhanced drug overdose analysis.

Keywords:
3D printingambient ionizationhigh resolutionmethamphetamineopiates

More Related Videos

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
05:47

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: February 19, 2020

9.4K
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
05:31

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.6K
Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
05:47

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: February 19, 2020

9.4K
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
05:31

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Rising drug overdose rates necessitate rapid and sensitive analytical methods.
  • Existing methods may lack the speed or sensitivity for comprehensive screening of novel psychoactive substances.
  • Emergency department samples present unique challenges for drug analysis due to matrix complexity and urgent turnaround times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a simple, non-targeted method for screening approximately 160 drugs in overdose samples.
  • To achieve sub-nanogram per milliliter sensitivity for synthetic drugs in plasma using paper spray-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • To enable rapid identification of emerging synthetic drugs, including fentanyl analogs and synthetic cannabinoids, in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a disposable paper spray cartridge with integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation.
  • Analyzed over 300 authentic overdose samples from emergency departments using quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry.
  • Employed sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) with tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Achieved low limits of detection (LODs) in plasma: 0.1–0.5 ng/mL for synthetic cannabinoids, 0.1–0.3 ng/mL for fentanyl and analogs.
  • Constructed calibration curves with isotopically labeled internal standards for 35 frequently encountered drugs.
  • Validated the method on authentic overdose samples, detecting common synthetic drugs like fentanyl-related substances, designer benzodiazepines (e.g., flubromazolam), and 5F-PB-22.

Conclusions:

  • The developed paper spray-SPE method is a simple, rapid, and sensitive tool for non-targeted drug screening in overdose cases.
  • The method demonstrates excellent performance for detecting emerging synthetic drugs at clinically relevant concentrations.
  • This approach can aid emergency departments in timely diagnosis and treatment of drug overdose patients.