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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in children

Cemal Aker1, Mahmuti Selin Onay1, Levent Cansever1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Health Sciences University, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi
|April 8, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum involve air in the chest, causing lung collapse. Treatment strategies must consider age, effectiveness, recurrence, and underlying causes, especially in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Pneumothorax is air between pleural layers, causing lung collapse, potentially leading to mediastinal shift.
  • Pneumomediastinum is free air in mediastinal tissues, with varied causes and symptoms, from spontaneous to severe complications.
  • Etiologies include iatrogenic and traumatic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation and management of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
  • To highlight similarities and differences in pediatric and adult cases.
  • To emphasize the importance of age-specific treatment strategies, recurrence reduction, and etiology-oriented management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, causes, and treatment outcomes.
  • Comparison of pediatric and adult patient populations.

Main Results:

  • Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum share common etiologies but differ in specific presentations.
  • Pediatric cases require tailored treatment considering age and underlying pathologies.
  • Effective management focuses on lung re-expansion, recurrence prevention, and addressing root causes.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum management necessitates a comprehensive approach.
  • Age-specific treatment strategies are crucial for optimal outcomes in children.
  • Addressing the underlying etiology is key to reducing recurrence and improving patient prognosis.

Keywords:
Children patientspneumomediastinumpneumothorax.

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