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Dual-process model of courage.

Aakash A Chowkase1, Fabio Andrés Parra-Martínez2, Mehdi Ghahremani3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a process model for understanding courage, detailing the cognitive assessments and decisions involved in courageous actions. It highlights the role of risk, purpose, and consequences in defining and enacting courage.

Keywords:
approach-avoidance conflictcouragedual-system theoryexpectancy-value theorynoble purposerisk assessmenttype I thinkingtype II thinking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Courage is a significant societal construct, yet understudied in psychological research.
  • Existing research lacks a comprehensive process model for understanding the enactment of courage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel process model of courage.
  • To delineate the decision-based pathways leading to courageous actions.
  • To identify key assessments and components involved in the courage process.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual development of a process model for courage.
  • Identification of four key cognitive assessments: immediacy, meaningfulness, efficacy, and decision.
  • Analysis of the approach-avoidance conflict in courage.

Main Results:

  • The model proposes courage begins with a trigger and involves four assessments.
  • A central element is the approach-avoidance conflict between risks and noble outcomes.
  • Courageous actions are defined by intentionality, substantial risk, noble purpose, and contextual meaning.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a structured understanding of how courageous actions are enacted.
  • Consequences of courageous actions feed back into the process, creating a loop.
  • The model provides a framework for future empirical testing and exploration of courage moderators.