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Stochastic free energy transduction.

H V Westerhoff, Y Chen

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Theoretical models show that limited numbers of protons per coupling unit lead to unique behaviors in free-energy systems. These findings explain experimental observations in proton-linked energy transduction.

    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Biochemical Thermodynamics

    Background:

    • Proton-linked free-energy transduction is crucial for cellular energy.
    • Existing models often assume bulk proton gradients, which may not fully explain experimental data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the theoretical properties of free-energy coupling systems with limited intermediates.
    • To reconcile theoretical predictions with experimental observations in proton-linked systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of free-energy coupling systems.
    • Analysis of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics under limited intermediate conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Systems with few intermediates exhibit non-conventional rate laws.

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  • Output reaction rates show complex dependencies on intermediate concentration.
  • Apparent violations of the second law of thermodynamics can occur.
  • Conclusions:

    • Limiting the number of protons per coupling unit explains observed phenomena in proton-linked energy transduction.
    • Chemiosmotic coupling theory can account for experimental data when considering small numbers of protons.
    • These findings suggest a more direct coupling mechanism than previously assumed in some systems.