Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

2.8K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.8K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aligning Chemical Kinetics with Crystallization Enables Millimeter-Scale Single Crystals of Conductive MOFs.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Interlayer Electronic Decoupling Unlocks Giant Birefringence in π-Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Programming stacking order in conducting van der Waals metal-organic frameworks through ligand aggregation.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Lamellar-Paracrystallinity-Controlled Thermal Transport in Polymer Semiconductors.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Super-stable two-dimensional radical conjugated metal-organic frameworks for efficient NIR-II photothermal conversion.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Phytochemical Analysis and Anticancer Activity of <i>Salvia chinensis Benth</i> in Colorectal Cancer: An Integrated Transcriptomic and Bioinformatic Study.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Machine-Learning-Enabled Rapid Evolution of Photoenzymes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluorophosphonates.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Sequential H<sub>2</sub>S-Triggered Redox Relay Nanoprobes for Self-Sustained Chem-Illuminating Cascade Photodynamic Therapy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantitative Active Hydrogen Modulation via Mastering Interfacial Water Over Single Rare Earth Atom on Copper for NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-to-NH<sub>3</sub> Electroreduction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the Role of Hydroxyls on Catalyst Surface in CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation Reaction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of Carbonyl-Containing Disubstituted Bicyclobutanes: A Fortuitous Path to SF<sub>5</sub>-Containing Oxa[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantum Spin-1/2 Rings Built From [2]Triangulene Molecular Units.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

18.6K

Buffer Chain Model for Understanding Crystallization Competition in Conjugated Polymers.

Zi-Di Yu1, Yang Lu1, Ze-Fan Yao1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding conjugated polymer packing is key. A novel buffer chain model shows longer chains improve backbone organization and charge transport, enhancing electronic properties.

Keywords:
charge transportconjugated polymermolecular dynamicsorganic thermoelectric

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.8K
From Constructs to Crystals &#8211; Towards Structure Determination of &#946;-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
09:55

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

13.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

18.6K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.8K
From Constructs to Crystals &#8211; Towards Structure Determination of &#946;-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
09:55

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

13.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers are crucial for organic electronics, but their packing models remain challenging to understand.
  • Side chains significantly influence polymer solubility and packing, often competing with conductive backbones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a buffer chain model to elucidate the interplay between conjugated backbones and side chains.
  • To investigate how buffer chain length affects crystallization competition and charge transport properties.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical buffer chain model.
  • Analysis of the relationship between buffer chain length and polymer packing.
  • Evaluation of the impact on charge transport properties.

Main Results:

  • A longer buffer chain effectively alleviates crystallization competition between conductive backbones and non-conductive side chains.
  • This leads to improved spontaneous packing of conjugated backbones.
  • Enhanced charge transport properties were observed with longer buffer chains.

Conclusions:

  • The buffer chain model offers a new perspective for designing conjugated polymers.
  • Optimizing buffer chain length is crucial for achieving ordered organization and superior electronic properties.
  • Balancing competitive interactions within conjugated polymers is vital for performance.