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Updated: May 13, 2026

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Published on: February 27, 2013
Transparent Conductive Titanium and Fluorine Co-doped Zinc Oxide Films
Iqra Ramzan1, Joanna Borowiec1, Ivan P Parkin1
1Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
Abstract:
Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) was used to deposit highly transparent and conductive titanium or fluorine-doped and titanium-fluorine co-doped ZnO thin films on glass substrate at 450 °C. All films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and four-point probe. The films were 600-680 nm thick, crystalline, and highly transparent (80-87 %). The co-doped film consisted of 0.70 at % titanium and 1 at % fluorine, and displayed a charger carrier mobility, charge carrier concentration, and a minimum resistivity of 8.4 cm2 V-1 s-1, 3.97×1020 cm-3, and 1.69×10-3 Ω cm, respectively. A band gap of 3.6 eV was observed for the co-doped film. Compared to the undoped and singly doped films, the co-doped film displayed a notably higher structure morphology (more homogenous grains with well-defined boundaries) suitable for transparent conducting oxide applications.
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