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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression.

Marina Khodanovich1, Anna Naumova2, Daria Kamaeva1,3

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Summary

Post-COVID depression significantly impairs cognitive functions like memory and processing speed, with distinct effects observed in men and women. Understanding these gender-specific cognitive deficits is crucial for personalized depression treatment after COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19MoCAStroop Color Word TestTrail Making TestWord Memory Testcognitive impairmentdepressionlong COVIDmajor depressive disorderpost-COVD-19 condition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 is linked to depression and cognitive impairment.
  • Neuropsychological deficits are common sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Post-COVID depression (PCD) requires further investigation into its cognitive impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cognitive performance in patients diagnosed with post-COVID depression (PCD).
  • To compare cognitive function between PCD patients, recovered COVID-19 individuals, and healthy controls.
  • To identify predictors of cognitive decline in the context of COVID-19 and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological testing was administered to 71 post-COVID patients.
  • Participants included a PCD group (n=25), a noPCD group (n=46), recovered COVID-19 controls (n=18), and healthy controls (n=19).
  • Cognitive domains assessed included memory, attention, processing speed, and olfactory function.

Main Results:

  • PCD patients exhibited significant cognitive impairment in MoCA, WMT, SCWT, and TMT compared to controls.
  • Gender-specific deficits were noted: men with PCD showed poorer performance in attention and memory recall; women with PCD had lower overall MoCA scores and slower processing speed.
  • No significant differences in olfactory function (Sniffin's stick test) were found between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive decline in PCD is influenced by both direct COVID-19 effects and depression-mediated factors, including male sex and COVID-19 severity.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering gender and prior COVID-19 severity for personalized depression treatment strategies.
  • Neuropsychological testing is vital for characterizing cognitive deficits in post-COVID-19 populations with depression.