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Restless legs syndrome variants: A systematic review
Mandana Haghshenas1, Yousef Veisani1, Ali Sahebi1,2
1Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Heliyon
|April 10, 2024
Summary
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) variants affect non-leg areas like hands and head, causing sleep issues. These variants share diagnostic and treatment approaches with typical RLS, suggesting they belong to the same spectrum.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) can manifest in non-leg areas, termed RLS variants.
- Some researchers consider RLS variants a distinct clinical entity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate clinical features and treatments of RLS variants.
- To compare RLS variants with typical RLS.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searches conducted in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Data extracted from 39 selected studies out of 1565 initially identified.
Main Results:
- Common RLS variants involve hands, head, abdomen, and genitalia.
- Symptoms include sleep disturbance, itching, tingling, and twitching.
- Diagnostic support includes family history, periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), and response to dopaminergic agents.
Conclusions:
- RLS variants may share the same diagnostic and therapeutic pathways as conventional RLS.
- RLS variants and typical RLS are suggested to be part of the same syndromic spectrum.
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