Settling effect of abutment and torque loss in different types of abutment after cyclic loading

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the settling effect of implant-abutment assembly and the torque loss before and after cyclic loading in three types of abutments.

Thirty internal hexagon fixtures were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Group A used original abutments, group B used pre-machined cast abutments, and group C used compatible abutments. In addition, the abutment morse taper angle was measured using an image measuring instrument. Removal torque values (RTVs) were recorded using a digital torque meter before and after cyclic loading. All samples were tested in a universal testing machine with a vertical load between 0 and 250 N for 100 000 cycles of 10 Hz. The settling effect was measured after cyclic loading. Paired t test was performed for intragroup analysis of removal torque loss before and after cycling and one-way ANOVA. Subsequently, Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used for intergroup comparison (α=0.05).

The paired t-test showed signi⁃ficant differences in the intragroup RTVs before and after cycling (P<0.001). ANOVA showed significant differences in the mean of removal torque loss after cycling (P=0.009), the abutment morse taper angle (P<0.001), and the settling values (P=0.01) among different groups. However, no significant difference was found between compatible abutments and pre-machined cast abutments.

The screw removal torque was significantly reduced for all groups in this study after cyclic loading. Differences could be found in the internal accuracy of implant-abutment assembly among different groups. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed the original abutments exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction after cyclic loading than the casting abutments and the compatible abutments.