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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

404
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
404

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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Bleaching techniques in primary teeth: a systematic review.

Subhashree Sahoo1, Krithika Gupta1, M S Muthu2,3

  • 1Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|April 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bleaching primary teeth discolouration shows shade improvement in case reports and in vitro studies. However, limited follow-up and study types prevent clinical recommendations for this common paediatric dental concern.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Dental Aesthetics
  • Endodontics

Background:

  • Tooth discolouration in primary teeth is a frequent issue impacting children's esthetics and self-esteem.
  • Trauma and pulpal infection are common causes of primary tooth discolouration.
  • Bleaching presents a potential esthetic treatment for discoloured primary teeth.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) up to September 2023.
  • Included studies were in vitro investigations and case reports assessing quantifiable success of bleaching agents.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Distiller SR, Cochrane tool, and JBI checklist.

Key Points:

  • 14 studies (8 in vitro, 6 case reports) involving 299 teeth samples were included.
  • Case reports demonstrated significant shade improvement in 18 discoloured primary teeth within 7-14 days.
  • In vitro studies also indicated substantial shade improvement, though long-term follow-up (12-24 months) was limited to only 3 teeth.

Conclusions:

  • This review synthesized evidence on bleaching agents for discoloured primary teeth.
  • Current evidence primarily relies on case reports and in vitro studies.
  • Insufficient high-quality evidence exists to formulate clinical recommendations for bleaching discoloured primary teeth.