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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments
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Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

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Surface passivation and functionalisation for mass photometry.

Jenny Sülzle1, Laila Elfeky1, Suliana Manley1

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics (LEB), Institute of Physics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Microscopy
|April 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new surface coatings for mass photometry (MP), a type of interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy. These optimized cover glass surfaces minimize background noise, enabling label-free detection of small proteins.

Keywords:
interferometric scatteringlabel‐free microscopymass photometrysurface functionalisationsurface immobilisationsurface passivation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy techniques

Background:

  • Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy allows label-free observation of biomolecules.
  • Mass photometry (MP), an iSCAT-based method, is increasingly used for single-particle imaging and tracking.
  • Reliable surface passivation and functionalization are essential for MP to reduce nonspecific binding and facilitate in vitro single-molecule binding assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize various surface coatings for MP applications.
  • To develop and present effective cover glass passivation and functionalization methods compatible with MP.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of different surface coatings using mass photometry (MP).
  • Implementation of cover glass passivation with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 2k).
  • Surface functionalization utilizing a maleimide-thiol linker.

Main Results:

  • Developed coatings exhibit low background scattering, suitable for MP.
  • The new surface preparation methods are compatible with aqueous buffers (water or salt).
  • Successful measurement of proteins as small as 60 kDa was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The presented surface preparation is effective for in vitro experiments using MP.
  • Optimized surface coatings enhance the capabilities of label-free biomolecular detection with MP.
  • This work provides a foundation for advanced single-molecule studies using mass photometry.