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Comparative electromyographic study of bite plates and stabilization splints.

L Dahlström, T Haraldson, S T Janson

    Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research
    |June 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A stabilization splint, unlike a bite plate, significantly reduced resting electromyographic (EMG) activity in temporal muscles. Occlusal appliance design impacts masticatory muscle activity in healthy individuals.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Occlusal appliances are used to manage various dental conditions.
    • Understanding their effect on masticatory muscle activity is crucial for treatment efficacy.
    • Electromyography (EMG) provides a quantitative measure of muscle activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of two distinct occlusal appliances on the integrated electromyographic (iEMG) activity of the masseter and temporal muscles.
    • To compare the effects of a bite plate with a frontal plateau versus a full coverage stabilization splint.

    Main Methods:

    • Seventeen healthy subjects participated, each wearing a bite plate and a stabilization splint for one week.
    • EMG activity was recorded in the rest position and during gentle and maximum biting.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Recordings were taken before and after appliance use, with a control group monitored over time.

    • Main Results:

    • The bite plate showed no significant changes in EMG activity at any tested level.
    • The stabilization splint significantly reduced EMG activity in the rest position for both anterior and posterior parts of the temporal muscles.
    • Temporal muscle resting activity was significantly lower after splint use compared to bite plate use.

    Conclusions:

    • The occlusal design of dental appliances significantly influences masticatory muscle EMG activity.
    • Stabilization splints may be more effective than bite plates in reducing resting muscle activity in healthy subjects.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and clinical implications.