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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
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Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
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Immunomodulation Driven by Theranova Filter during a Single HD Session.

Carlotta Caprara1,2, Grazia Maria Virzì1,2, Katia Chieregato3,4

  • 1IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza Foundation, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemodialysis (HD) with Theranova filters alters immune cell profiles in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. While eryptosis remains stable, key immune markers like HLA-DR and Treg cells significantly decrease post-treatment.

Keywords:
HLA-DRTheranova filterTreg cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients exhibit complex immune dysregulation, characterized by both immunodeficiency and immune activation.
  • Hemodialysis (HD) is a critical treatment for ESKD, but its impact on immune function requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunophenotypic changes induced by a medium cut-off Theranova filter during a single hemodialysis session within the same patient.
  • To assess the impact of hemodialysis on eryptosis, HLA-DR expression on monocytes, and regulatory T (Treg) cells.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot observational study involving 11 ESKD patients undergoing a standard 4-hour hemodialysis session.
  • Blood samples collected pre- and post-HD were analyzed using flow cytometry for immunophenotyping.
  • Evaluated eryptosis in lymphocytes and monocytes, and HLA-DR expression on monocytes and Treg cells.

Main Results:

  • Eryptosis percentages in lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+), and monocytes (CD14+) showed no significant change pre- and post-HD.
  • A significant decrease in HLA-DR expression on monocytes and a reduction in Treg cell numbers were observed after the HD session.
  • These findings highlight an immunomodulatory effect of hemodialysis using the Theranova filter.

Conclusions:

  • Hemodialysis treatment with Theranova filters induces specific immunomodulatory changes in ESKD patients.
  • The study provides preliminary evidence of decreased HLA-DR expression and Treg cell counts post-HD, suggesting a potential impact on immune regulation.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings and explore their clinical implications.