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Tannin and Iron-Reactive Phenolics Content in Red Cold-Hardy Hybrid Grape Tissues throughout Development and Ripening
Alexander D Gapinski1, Nicolas Delchier1, Aude A Watrelot1
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 13, 2024
Summary
Cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars like Crimson Pearl and Petite Pearl show lower tannin levels than Vitis vinifera. However, their phenolic content at harvest ripeness is comparable, offering wine industry insights.
Area of Science:
- Viticulture and Enology
- Plant Biochemistry
- Food Science
Background:
- Phenolic compounds, particularly tannins, are crucial for red wine quality.
- Cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars typically have lower tannin concentrations compared to Vitis vinifera.
- Understanding phenolic profiles in hybrid grapes is essential for winemaking potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the phenolic content of three red cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars ('Crimson Pearl', 'Marquette', 'Petite Pearl') with Vitis vinifera ('Pinot noir').
- To analyze phenolic accumulation in berry tissues (juice, skins, seeds) throughout development and ripening.
- To provide data for informed winemaking decisions using these hybrid cultivars.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of basic chemical properties, iron-reactive phenolics, and tannin content.
- Analysis of juice, skins, and seeds from selected grape cultivars at six developmental time points.
- Field studies conducted over two growing seasons (2021 and 2022).
Main Results:
- Hybrid cultivars exhibited similar phenolic trends to 'Pinot noir' but with lower overall skin and seed content.
- 'Crimson Pearl' showed comparable iron-reactive phenolics and tannin levels to 'Petite Pearl' and 'Marquette' at harvest.
- Despite developmental variations, the three hybrid cultivars had similar phenolic content at harvest ripeness.
Conclusions:
- Cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars possess distinct phenolic profiles compared to Vitis vinifera.
- The studied hybrid cultivars ('Crimson Pearl', 'Marquette', 'Petite Pearl') demonstrate viable phenolic content for winemaking at harvest.
- This research offers foundational data on the phenolic development of 'Crimson Pearl' and 'Petite Pearl' grapes.
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