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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging.

Quélita Cristina Pereira1, Isabela Monique Fortunato1, Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira1

  • 1Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging disrupts the gut microbiota, impacting health and causing diseases. This review explores how gut bacteria changes with age and how compounds can restore microbial balance through epigenetic modifications.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gerontology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Physiological decline during aging increases disease risk.
  • The role of the gut microbiota in aging was previously underestimated.
  • The gut microbiota influences systemic health via bidirectional communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological mechanisms of age-related gut dysbiosis.
  • To examine the clinical consequences of gut dysbiosis in aging.
  • To explore bioactive compounds for restoring gut microbiota balance via epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aging, gut microbiota, and dysbiosis.
  • Analysis of host-microbiota interactions and signaling pathways.
  • Investigation of epigenetic mechanisms and bioactive compounds.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with significant alterations in gut microbial composition and function.
  • Gut dysbiosis contributes to age-related diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, and oncological conditions.
  • Bioactive compounds show potential in modulating the aging gut microbiota and host epigenetics.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a critical factor in the aging process and associated pathologies.
  • Targeting gut dysbiosis through bioactive compounds offers a promising therapeutic strategy for healthy aging.
  • Epigenetic modulation by bioactive compounds may reverse aging-related microbial imbalances.