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Distributing Blame Among Multiple Entities When Autonomous Technologies Cause Harm.

Ryan M McManus¹, Catherine C Mesick², Abraham M Rutchick²

¹Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin

|April 13, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

When autonomous technology causes harm, people blame manufacturers more than users. Blame shifts away from the human operator as their involvement decreases, impacting legal and ethical considerations for autonomous systems.

Keywords:

autonomous robots autonomous vehicles blame allocation intentionality

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Area of Science:

Moral Psychology
Human-Robot Interaction
Legal Studies

Background:

Autonomous technologies, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and autonomous robot soldiers (ARSs), are increasingly prevalent.
Determining accountability for harm caused by these systems presents novel challenges.
Existing research often contrasts human-controlled systems with autonomous ones.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how blame is assigned when autonomous technologies cause harm.
To compare attributions of blame for harms caused by human-controlled vehicles (HCVs) and human soldiers (HSs) versus AVs and ARSs.
To explore the role of human involvement and awareness in blame assignment.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of blame attribution for identical harms caused by human-controlled versus autonomous systems.
Examination of blame distribution across different entities (users, manufacturers, programmers, executives).
Robustness checks using different measures of blame (degrees of blame vs. apportionment).

Main Results:

Users of autonomous systems were blamed less than operators of human-controlled systems.
As human involvement in the autonomous system's actions decreased, blame shifted from the user to other agents like manufacturers and executives.
This pattern of blame redirection was consistent across different measures of blame.

Conclusions:

Human involvement and awareness significantly influence blame assignment in cases of harm caused by autonomous technology.
The locus of blame shifts towards manufacturers and corporate entities as human control or awareness diminishes.
This research highlights the complexity of assigning responsibility in the context of increasing automation and the need for updated legal and ethical frameworks.