Developing a theory of change model for a learning and innovation network: A qualitative study

The aim of this study is to further develop a preliminary framework into a model that can translate mechanisms into output and impact, based on the views of those working in practice and the relations between the mechanisms: a model that can inform practitioners and organizations on what has to be in place to shape a learning and innovating environment in nursing.

A Learning and Innovation Network (LIN) is a network of healthcare professionals, students and education representatives who come together to be part of a nursing community to integrate education, research and practice to contribute to quality of care. In a previous study a preliminary framework was developed through a concept analysis based on publications. The preliminary framework describes input, throughput and output factors in a linear model that does not explain what the components entail in practice and how the components work together.

Focus groups.

We designed a Theory of Change (ToC) in four phases. This was based on a focus group interview with lecturer practitioners (Phase 1); a first concept ToC based on thematic analysis of the focus group interview (Phase 2); three paired interviews where the ToC was presented to other lecturer practitioners to complement and verify the ToC model (Phase 3); and adjustment of the model based on the feedback of phase 3 (Phase 4).

The developed ToC model describes important preconditions that have to be in place to start a LIN: a shared vision, a facilitating support system and a diversity of participants who are open to change. It describes the mechanisms by which a wide range of activities can lead to an improvement of the quality of care through collaboration between practice, education and research by working, learning, performing practice based research and implementing new methods together.

This study gives a comprehensive overview of the concept of the 'Learning and Innovation Network' (LIN); how the activities in the LIN can lead to impact; and under what conditions. Previously published findings supported elements of the ToC model. The overarching ToC model and the detailed appendix offer a theoretical and practice-based model for practitioners, managers and policy makers.