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Spontaneous crumpling of active spherical shells.

M C Gandikota1, Shibananda Das1,2, A Cacciuto1

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Researchers demonstrate how thin spherical shells reliably enter a crumpled phase when subjected to active fluctuations. A universal curve describes volume changes, revealing a general formula for the onset of crumpling in elastic surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • The crumpled phase of self-avoiding elastic surfaces was theoretically proposed over 30 years ago.
  • The stability of this crumpled phase in microscopic environments has remained a significant scientific debate.
  • Previous studies relied on Flory-like scaling arguments, lacking experimental or simulation-based validation of stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reliable development and stability of the crumpled phase in elastic surfaces.
  • To determine the conditions and forces that trigger the transition to a crumpled state.
  • To establish universal scaling laws governing the crumpling of spherical shells.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating thin spherical shells subjected to controlled active fluctuations.
  • Analyzing the relationship between the strength of active forces and the resulting shell volume.
  • Deriving mathematical expressions for the critical force initiating crumpling and the size exponent.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reliable and consistent development of a crumpled phase in spherical shells.
  • Identified a master curve showing relative volume change as a function of active force strength, independent of shell size and elastic properties.
  • Derived a general expression for the onset active force required for crumpling and calculated the variation of the size exponent.

Conclusions:

  • Active fluctuations provide a consistent mechanism for inducing and stabilizing the crumpled phase in elastic shells.
  • The observed universal scaling behavior simplifies the understanding of crumpling phenomena across different scales.
  • This study resolves long-standing debates about the stability of crumpled elastic surfaces.