Cutaneous xanthomas associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Dermatology
• Oncology

Background:

• Monocytic leukemia, a subtype of leukemia, is associated with specific cutaneous changes in approximately one-third of cases.
• Cutaneous xanthomas, while occasionally reported with various leukemias, are rare presentations, particularly in adults with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

Observation:

• This report details a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).
• The patient initially presented with a papular histiocytic eruption.
• The condition later progressed to exhibit significant cutaneous xanthomas.

Findings:

• The study documents a rare instance of CMML presenting with specific cutaneous xanthomatous lesions.
• Autopsy findings provided further insight into the association between CMML and these dermatological manifestations.
• This association, though uncommon, is clinically significant.

Implications:

• Physicians should consider CMML in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with unusual cutaneous xanthomas.
• Increased awareness of this rare leukemia-dermatology association can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
• Further research into the mechanisms linking CMML and cutaneous xanthomas may reveal new diagnostic or therapeutic targets.