Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.3K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.5K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

35.7K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
35.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Activation of Pyrazines by a Mg-Mg-bonded Compound: Reduction, Homocoupling, and Formation of Metallomacrocycles.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Cooperative Sulfate Binding Drives Hierarchical Assembly of Supramolecular Trimers.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Manipulating the Isomerization of a Tris-azobenzene Cage by Anion Binding.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Quantitative Formation of Octa-substituted Cyclobutanes by the [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Stiff-stilbenes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024
Same author

Visible-light promoted radical cascade cyclization of 3-allyl-2-arylquinazolinones for the synthesis of phosphorylated dihydroisoquinolino[1,2-<i>b</i>]quinazolinones.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2024
Same author

Biomimetic Charge-Neutral Anion Receptors for Reversible Binding and Release of Highly Hydrated Phosphate in Water.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.9K

Anion-Coordination Foldamer-Based Polymer Network: from Molecular Spring to Elastomer.

Jiangping Qin1, Yongming Wang2, Tian Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New polymer networks mimic coil springs using anion-coordination-based foldamers. These molecular springs enhance energy dissipation and toughness in materials, offering a new design strategy for high-performance polymers.

Keywords:
anion coordinationelastomerfoldamerpolymer networksupramolecular spring

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.7K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.9K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.7K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Foldamers function as molecular springs, absorbing and releasing energy through conformational changes.
  • Developing polymer networks with high densities of molecular springs is crucial for advanced material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer polymer networks utilizing anion-coordination-based foldamers as monomers.
  • To investigate the relationship between foldamer conformation and the mechanical performance of the resulting polymer networks.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized polymer networks incorporating oligo(urea) ligands coordinated to chloride ions, forming anion-coordination-based foldamers.
  • Controlled foldamer coiling through ligand design to achieve varying degrees of folding (non-folding, full turn, 1.5 turns).
  • Characterized the mechanical properties (strength, elongation, Young's modulus, toughness) of the polymer networks.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical performance significantly increased with foldamer coiling: P-L2UCl (non-folding) < P-L4UCl (full turn) < P-L6UCl (1.5 turns).
  • P-L6UCl exhibited superior strength (22.93 MPa), elongation (352%), Young's modulus (141.50 MPa), and toughness (49.62 MJ/m³).
  • The developed foldamer-based networks outperformed counterparts lacking anion centers and non-foldamer based materials.

Conclusions:

  • Anion-coordination-based foldamers effectively act as molecular springs within polymer networks.
  • Foldamer conformation is a key determinant for achieving high energy dissipation and mechanical toughness.
  • This study presents a viable strategy for designing high-performance anion-coordination-based materials.