An Antibacterial Bionic Periosteum with Angiogenesis-Neurogenesis Coupling Effect for Bone Regeneration

The periosteum, rich in neurovascular networks, bone progenitor cells, and stem cells, is vital for bone repair. Current artificial periosteal materials face challenges in mechanical strength, bacterial infection, and promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. To address these issues, we adjusted the electrospinning ratio of poly-ε-caprolactone and chitosan and incorporated Zn doping whitlockite with polydopamine coating into a nanofiber membrane. After a series of characterizations, optimal results were achieved with a poly-ε-caprolactone: chitosan ratio of 8:1 and 5% nanoparticle content. In vitro cell experiments and in vivo calvarial defect models, the sustained release of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ promoted vascularization and new bone formation, respectively, while the release of Zn²⁺ was conducive to antibacterial and cooperated with Mg²⁺ to promote neurovascularization. Consequently, this antibacterial bionic periosteum with an angiogenesis-neurogenesis coupling effect demonstrates a promising potential for bone repair applications.