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A Predictive Model for the Evolution of COVID-19
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India.
Abstract:
We predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries using a logistic model. The model uses a regression analysis based on the least-squares fitting. In particular, the growth rate of the infection has been fitted as an exponential decay, as compared to a linear decay, reported previously in logistic models. The model has been validated with the data of China and South Korea, where the pandemic is nearing to its end. The data of Italy, Germany, Spain, and Sweden show that the peak of the infection has been reached, i.e. a time when the new infections will start to decrease as compared to the previous day. The model predicts the approximate number of total infections at the end of the outbreak. The possible peak date and the total number of infections for different countries are predicted using the data available. The total number of infections in the USA is estimated to be around 4 million. The model prediction of Brazil shows that the peak will reach on 5 July 2020 and total infections will be 3.2 million. The reported data of India show a large initial scatter in the growth rate. The total number of infections in India is estimated to be around 2.4 million by the model and the predicted peak date is 3 August 2020. The predictions of India are discussed in the context of restricted movement of population, i.e. lock-down imposed by the government.
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If the observed data point lies above the line, the residual is positive, and the line underestimates the actual data value for y. If the observed data point lies below the line, the residual is negative, and the line overestimates the actual data value for y.
The process of fitting the best-fit...
Prediction Intervals
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.