Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Subcutaneous Forehead and Incidental Orbital Varices Diagnosed with MRI Under Sedation.

Journal of radiology case reports·2026

Same author

Is Cataract Surgery a Risk Factor for New-Onset Thyroid Eye Disease?

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Teprotumumab associated menstrual changes.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same author

Disease-specific and overall survival for patients with lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma in recent decades.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2025

Same author

Is the Rundle Curve Still Valuable in Managing Thyroid Eye Disease?

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease.

Hila Goldberg^1,2, Amina I Malik¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology : Official Journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society

|April 17, 2024

Summary

Teprotumumab (Tepezza) is a novel therapy for thyroid eye disease (TED). This targeted treatment effectively reduces inflammation and symptoms, offering a new option for patients with this autoimmune condition.

Keywords:

Autoimmune graves orbitopathy proptosis targeted teprotumumab thyroid

More Related Videos

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Immunology

Background:

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory orbital condition often associated with hyperthyroidism.
Current treatments for TED range from conservative measures to systemic immunomodulators.
There was a need for targeted therapies to address the underlying inflammatory processes in TED.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical features, pathophysiology, and traditional management of TED.
To detail the development and efficacy of teprotumumab, a targeted therapy for TED.
To summarize clinical trial data, safety profiles, and future research directions for teprotumumab.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical features and pathophysiology of TED.
Analysis of traditional management strategies for active TED.
Examination of pivotal clinical trials supporting teprotumumab's FDA approval.

Main Results:

Teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IGF-1, is the first FDA-approved targeted therapy for TED.
Clinical trials demonstrate teprotumumab's efficacy and safety in active, moderate-to-severe TED.
Emerging data suggests teprotumumab's effectiveness in a broader patient population.

Conclusions:

Teprotumumab represents a significant advancement in TED treatment by targeting underlying inflammation.
The drug has shown proven efficacy and a favorable safety profile in clinical studies.
Ongoing and future investigations aim to further define teprotumumab's role in managing TED.