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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

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Using optical coherence tomography to optimize Mohs micrographic surgery.

Sruti S Akella1,2, Jenna Lee1, Julia Roma May3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Scientific Reports
|April 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can accurately predict residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) after biopsy. OCT imaging helps map BCC borders, potentially reducing Mohs micrographic surgery stages and defect size.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is standard for high-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  • MMS can be lengthy, costly, and unpredictable in scope.
  • Preoperative mapping could optimize MMS outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) for preoperative BCC mapping.
  • To assess OCT's ability to predict MMS stages and defect size.
  • To determine if OCT can identify residual BCC post-biopsy.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 22 BCC patients scheduled for MMS.
  • Preoperative OCT imaging to map BCC borders.
  • Comparison of OCT findings with post-MMS histopathology.

Main Results:

  • OCT correctly predicted absence of BCC in 86% of cases where biopsy resolved the tumor.
  • OCT predicted single-stage MMS for 78% of tumors requiring it.
  • OCT predicted the need for a second MMS stage in 83.3% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • OCT accurately identifies residual BCC after diagnostic biopsy.
  • Preoperative OCT can predict tumor extent, optimizing MMS.
  • OCT may reduce MMS stages and surgical defect size.