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Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units

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The process of manufacturing concrete masonry units begins by mixing stiff concrete composed of Portland cement, aggregates, and water. This mixture is then poured into metal molds. To ensure the concrete settles uniformly and to avoid separation of its components, the mixture in the molds is subjected to vibration. Shortly after, the still-wet blocks are removed from the molds and placed on racks.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

A Soft Tooling Process Chain for Injection Molding of a 3D Component with Micro Pillars

A Soft Tooling Process Chain for Injection Molding of a 3D Component with Micro Pillars

Published on: August 4, 2018

Reducing non-value added (NVA) activities through lean tools for the precast industry.

Haritha Malika Dara¹, Ashwin Raut¹, Musa Adamu²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt.), 522205, AP, India.

|April 18, 2024

Summary

Lean management tools effectively minimize non-value-added activities in the precast construction industry. Implementing strategies like Just-in-Time and Total Quality Management significantly boosts project productivity and efficiency.

Keywords:

Construction Lean Lean tools NVA activities Precast industry

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Area of Science:

Construction Management
Operations Research
Industrial Engineering

Background:

Lean management aims to eliminate waste in construction projects.
Non-value-added (NVA) activities reduce productivity and efficiency in the precast industry.
Key NVA activities identified include Unnecessary Inventory (UI), Waiting Time (WT), Overproduction (OP), and Unnecessary Movement (UM).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the application of lean tools for minimizing NVA activities in the precast construction sector.
To identify prevalent lean tools used by industry professionals.
To assess the impact of lean tools on reducing NVA activities.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
Data was collected via a structured questionnaire from precast industry professionals and lean experts.
Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis, including reliability and validity tests.

Main Results:

Just-in-time (JIT), Continuous Improvement (CI), and Total Quality Management (TQM) are widely utilized lean tools in the precast industry.
A strong positive relationship (β = 0.654) was found between the utilization of lean tools and the reduction of NVA activities.
The study developed a conceptual path model to evaluate the impact of lean tools on NVA activities.

Conclusions:

Lean tools are effective in minimizing non-value-added activities within the precast construction industry.
The findings provide a basis for enhancing construction project productivity by focusing on waste reduction strategies.
Implementing lean principles is crucial for improving efficiency in precast manufacturing and construction.