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Bite plates and stabilization splints in mandibular dysfunction. A clinical and electromyographic comparison.

L Dahlström, T Haraldson

    Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Full-coverage stabilization splints significantly improved clinical signs and subjective symptoms in women with mandibular dysfunction. Bite plates also offered symptom relief, but less effectively than splints.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Neurology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Mandibular dysfunction affects numerous women, impacting daily activities.
    • Electromyography (EMG) is a key tool for assessing muscle activity in temporomandibular disorders.
    • Previous research indicates altered muscle activity patterns in patients with mandibular dysfunction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the clinical and electromyographic (EMG) effects of two occlusal appliances for treating mandibular dysfunction.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of a bite plate versus a full-coverage stabilization splint.
    • To assess changes in muscle activity during rest and biting tasks post-treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Randomized controlled trial involving 20 female patients with mandibular dysfunction.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Treatment involved nocturnal use of either a bite plate or a stabilization splint for 6 weeks.
  • Bilateral EMG recordings from temporal and masseter muscles were taken at rest and during biting before and after treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients exhibited lower EMG activity in temporal and masseter muscles during maximal biting compared to healthy subjects.
    • No significant changes in EMG activity were observed in the rest or maximal biting positions after 6 weeks of appliance use.
    • Clinical signs of dysfunction improved significantly in the stabilization splint group.
    • Subjective symptoms improved in both groups, with greater improvement noted in the splint group.

    Conclusions:

    • Full-coverage stabilization splints demonstrate superior efficacy in improving clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction compared to bite plates.
    • While both appliances offer subjective symptom relief, stabilization splints provide more significant benefits.
    • No significant changes in electromyographic activity were detected, suggesting clinical improvements may not directly correlate with altered muscle activation patterns in the short term.