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Nematode Uptake Preference toward Different Nanoplastics through Avoidance Behavior Regulation.

Caijiao He1, Xintong Lin2, Pei Li1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

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|April 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms avoid ingesting nanoplastics, with smaller or positively charged particles causing greater avoidance due to toxicity. This defense mechanism, mediated by the insulin/IGF signaling pathway, impacts ecological risk assessment.

Keywords:
avoidanceinsulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathwaynanoplasticnematodeuptake preference

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Nematode biology
  • Nanoparticle science

Background:

  • Understanding nanoplastic bioaccumulation is crucial for assessing ecological risks associated with global plastic pollution.
  • Invertebrate uptake of nanoplastics is a critical step in food chain transport, but the regulatory mechanisms are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the uptake mechanisms and preferences of nanoplastics in invertebrates.
  • To elucidate the biological regulatory mechanisms behind nanoplastic avoidance.
  • To determine the relationship between nanoplastic characteristics and uptake preference.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized *Caenorhabditis elegans* as a model organism.
  • Investigated nanoplastic uptake and avoidance behavior.
  • Performed transcriptomic analysis to identify molecular pathways involved.
  • Validated findings using mutant strains.

Main Results:

  • Nematodes actively avoid nanoplastics, with smaller (100 nm) and positively charged nanoplastics inducing stronger avoidance due to higher toxicity.
  • Nanoplastic accumulation was lower in nematodes exposed to smaller or positively charged particles compared to larger (500 nm) or negatively charged ones.
  • The insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway, particularly DAF-16 activation, was confirmed as essential for selective nanoplastic avoidance and defense responses.

Conclusions:

  • *C. elegans* exhibits size- and charge-dependent avoidance of nanoplastics, driven by toxicity.
  • The IIS pathway plays a vital role in mediating defense and avoidance behaviors against nanoplastics in nematodes.
  • This genetically conserved defense response suggests potential cascading ecological risks in ecosystems due to differential nanoplastic uptake preferences.