Hemp seeds attenuate loperamide-induced constipation in mice.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pharmacology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder impacting overall health.
• Hemp seeds are suggested to relieve constipation, but mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the efficacy of hemp seeds (HS) and their water-ethanol extract (HSE) in attenuating loperamide-induced constipation in mice.
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including effects on gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

• Loperamide-induced constipation model in mice.
• Assessment of fecal water content and small intestinal transit rate.
• Measurement of serum gastrointestinal hormones (Gastrin, Motilin, Substance P, Endothelin).
• Histopathological analysis (H&E staining) of colon tissue.
• Analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gut microbiome composition.

Main Results:

• HS and HSE significantly increased fecal water content and small intestinal transit rate, shortening the first defecation time.
• HS and HSE modulated serum levels of Gastrin, Motilin, Substance P, and Endothelin.
• Improved colon inflammation, increased SCFA levels, and altered gut microbiota abundance (Odoribacter, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Prevotella) were observed.
• HS and HSE demonstrated potential in stimulating beneficial gut microbes and promoting intestinal motility.

Conclusions:

• Hemp seeds and their extract show potential in relieving constipation by enhancing gut motility and reducing inflammation.
• The therapeutic effects are potentially mediated by modulation of gastrointestinal hormones, SCFAs, and gut microbiota composition.
• HS and HSE represent a promising natural intervention for improving gut health and managing constipation.