Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Microbiology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanostructures bacteria use for survival and communication.
• BEVs show promise in therapeutics, vaccines, and drug delivery systems due to their characteristics.
• Current low production yields of BEVs limit their widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a biotechnological perspective on enhancing bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEV) production.
• To highlight and discuss current strategies for increasing BEV yields.
• To review BEV biogenesis, functions, and applications.

Main Methods:

• Discussed gene modification for hypervesiculating bacterial strains.
• Highlighted bacteria culture under stress conditions.
• Included artificial vesicle production methods.

Main Results:

• Evaluated the impact of production strategies on BEV types, morphology, composition, and activity.
• Summarized general aspects of BEV biogenesis and functional capabilities.
• Framed the importance of abundant BEV production for applications.

Conclusions:

• Enhanced BEV production is crucial for realizing their therapeutic and delivery system potential.
• Various biotechnological strategies can significantly increase BEV yields.
• Further research into BEV bioprocesses will expand their application possibilities.