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PET/CT in leukemia: utility and future directions.

Akram Al-Ibraheem1,2, Sudqi Allouzi1, Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir1

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2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose PET/CT ([18F]FDG PET/CT) offers comprehensive whole-body imaging for leukemia assessment, aiding in staging, monitoring, and evaluating disease spread. This review explores its current uses and future potential in leukemia patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Leukemia incidence and mortality are rising, necessitating advanced diagnostic tools.
  • [18F]FDG PET/CT is a sensitive imaging modality for hematologic malignancies, particularly lymphoma.
  • Bone marrow biopsy has limitations; whole-body [18F]FDG PET/CT provides a more complete assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications of [18F]FDG PET/CT in leukemia staging and monitoring.
  • To explore the potential expanding role of PET/CT in managing leukemia patients.
  • To highlight the utility of [18F]FDG PET/CT in assessing leukemia beyond the bone marrow.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on [18F]FDG PET/CT in leukemia.
  • Assessment of whole-body imaging capabilities for bone marrow evaluation.
  • Discussion of [18F]FDG PET/CT in evaluating leukemia spread, relapse, and complications.

Main Results:

  • [18F]FDG PET/CT effectively assesses diverse leukemia types and extra-osseous spread.
  • It aids in tracking disease relapse, identifying Richter's transformation, and evaluating graft-versus-host disease.
  • The full clinical role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in leukemia requires further acknowledgment and research.

Conclusions:

  • [18F]FDG PET/CT is valuable for staging and monitoring leukemia, complementing traditional methods.
  • Its application in various leukemia scenarios is expanding, with ongoing research into novel radiotracers.
  • Further research is needed to fully integrate PET/CT into comprehensive leukemia management.