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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Comprehensive profiling of L1 retrotransposons in mouse.

Xuanming Zhang1,2, Ivana Celic1,2, Hannah Mitchell1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|April 22, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed nanoTIPseq to map active L1 elements (LINE-1 retrotransposons) in mouse genomes. This method efficiently identifies both known and novel L1 insertions, even at the single-cell level, advancing studies of retrotransposition in vivo.

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Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • LINE-1 (L1) elements are active retrotransposons in mammals.
  • L1 dysregulation is linked to cancer, aging, infertility, and neurological diseases.
  • Accurate mapping of endogenous L1 insertions is crucial for understanding their role in disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and validate a novel method, nanoTIPseq, for efficient and comprehensive mapping of mouse L1 insertions.
  • To identify both annotated and previously undiscovered L1 insertions in mouse genomes.
  • To demonstrate the utility of nanoTIPseq for single-cell analysis of L1 retrotransposition in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Developed nanoTIPseq, a modified transposon insertion profiling technique.
  • Combined nanoTIPseq with nanopore sequencing for selective enrichment of young mouse L1s.
  • Applied nanoTIPseq to C57BL/6 genomic DNA and individual mouse breast cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • nanoTIPseq identified >95% of annotated L1s from C57BL/6 DNA with high efficiency (200,000 reads).
  • Discovered 82 novel, unannotated L1 insertions in a single mouse genome, often missed by short-read methods.
  • Successfully detected cell-specific L1 insertions in individual mouse breast cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • nanoTIPseq is a powerful tool for comprehensive L1 insertion profiling in mouse genomes.
  • The method enables the discovery of novel L1 elements and analysis of retrotransposition at the single-cell level.
  • nanoTIPseq facilitates in vivo studies of L1 activity in disease models.