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In-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared with six other quinolones
Abstract:
The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin was compared with that of three of the newer fluorated quinoline derivates: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin, as well as with those of the earlier analogues: nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid and cinoxacin, against almost 750 recent patient isolates of medically important bacteria. MIC90S of pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, less than or equal to 4 mg/l for other nonfermenters and 0.5 mg/l for Staphylococci. Most streptococcal strains were resistant to pefloxacin. Of all the fluorated quinolones, ciprofloxacin was overall the most active compound. The older non-fluorated quinolone analogues had activity against the Enterobacteriaceae only at levels achievable in urine.
Insights
This study compared pefloxacin and newer fluoroquinolones against bacteria. Ciprofloxacin showed the strongest antimicrobial activity overall, while older quinolones were less effective.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pefloxacin is an established antimicrobial.
- Newer fluoroquinolones offer potential therapeutic advantages.
- Understanding comparative antimicrobial activity is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin against newer fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enoxacin) and older quinolones (nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, cinoxacin).
- To evaluate the efficacy of these agents against a wide range of clinically significant bacterial isolates.
Main Methods:
- In vitro susceptibility testing using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) assays.
- Testing against approximately 750 recent patient isolates of medically important bacteria.
- Comparative analysis of antimicrobial spectrum and potency.
Main Results:
- Pefloxacin demonstrated good activity against Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90 ≤ 2 mg/l), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90 ≤ 8 mg/l), other nonfermenters (MIC90 ≤ 4 mg/l), and Staphylococci (MIC90 = 0.5 mg/l).
- Most streptococcal strains were resistant to pefloxacin.
- Ciprofloxacin exhibited the most potent overall antimicrobial activity among all tested fluoroquinolones.
- Older non-fluorated quinolones showed limited activity, primarily against Enterobacteriaceae at urine-achievable levels.
Conclusions:
- Ciprofloxacin is a highly effective fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum activity.
- Pefloxacin retains significant activity against key Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but not streptococci.
- Newer fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, represent advancements in antimicrobial therapy compared to older analogues.