Driving an ecological transformation: unleashing multi-objective optimization for hydrogenated compressed natural gas...

Integrating hydrogen with CNG is crucial for carbon neutrality and environmental goals, as it enhances flame temperature, reduces emissions, and combats global warming. This study employs the CHEMKIN tool to examine combustion characteristics, including adiabatic flame temperature, mole fraction, normalization, and production rate, in H₂-CNG mixtures under various atmospheric and operating conditions. Blending 50% hydrogen with CNG results in significant changes, including a temperature increase from 2322 to 2344 K when the hydrogen content is at 50%. The introduction of hydrogen causes a notable 30-35% reduction in CH₄ mole fraction and a simultaneous 26.6% increase in C-normalized CH₄ production. Free radicals play a role in affecting CO₂ production, with the normalization of CO species increasing from 0.068 to 0.087. Through NSGA-II multi-objective optimization methods, the study identifies a 50% H₂-50% CNG blend as the optimal choice for thermal and environmental performance. The study explores the energy and environmental impacts of incorporating hydrogen into CNG-air combustion, with a specific focus on the effects of 50% H₂ blending with CNG. Hydrogen blending benefits from elevated adiabatic flame temperature and increased free radical formation, ultimately leading to emission reduction. These findings firmly establish H₂-CNG mixtures as promising environmentally friendly alternatives with superior combustion characteristics. Their potential paves the way for significant progress towards achieving carbon neutrality and combating climate change through cleaner, more efficient fuel options.