A Rapid Review on the Management of Constipation for Hospice and Palliative Care Patients

Constipation is a distressing symptom that has a high prevalence in patients receiving hospice and palliative care services, particularly in cases of opioid use. A thorough assessment, root cause analysis, monitoring, and prophylactic approach are essential for symptom management and quality of life. This rapid review assessed studies published between 2018 and 2023 to identify strategies implemented by health care professionals to prevent and/or mitigate this distressing symptom. We identified 12 articles that addressed constipation in palliative and end-of-life settings and reported on the need for multifactorial management approaches with a focus on patient-centered care that includes the caregiver(s). Bedside nurses play a key role in assessing, identifying, and managing constipation. Proper documentation and communication with the interdisciplinary team help direct earlier intervention and ongoing awareness of constipation issues. Additional research is needed on specific tools and enhanced guidelines to ensure constipation is frequently addressed and preemptively managed.