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Changing clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia during COVID-19 pandamic: a retrospective

Mengxue Chen1, Yabing Zhou2, Shengjie Jin3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations and common infections. Allergy rates and deficiencies in vitamins B2, B6, C, and D increased in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered pathogen prevalence and lifestyle.
  • Understanding these changes in pediatric pneumonia is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pathogen, allergen, and micronutrient profiles in pediatric pneumonia patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To identify risk factors for severe pneumonia in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric pneumonia inpatients from March-August 2019 and March-August 2020.
  • Comparison of clinical characteristics, pathogen detection, allergen positivity, and micronutrient levels between the two periods.

Main Results:

  • Hospitalizations for pediatric pneumonia decreased by 74% during the pandemic.
  • Lower rates of viral, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mixed infections were observed.
  • Increased positive rates for house dust mite, shrimp, and crab allergens.
  • Decreased levels of vitamins B2, B6, C, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • Milk allergy and calcium insufficiency were identified as risk factors for severe pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations and common pathogen infections.
  • Significant shifts in allergy profiles and micronutrient status were observed in pediatric pneumonia patients.
  • These findings highlight the pandemic's impact on pediatric respiratory health and nutritional status.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19CharacteristicsChildrenPneumonia

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