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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Establishment of A Mouse Model of Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye

Establishment of A Mouse Model of Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye

Published on: November 1, 2024

An important contributing factor in dry eye disease: somatization.

Fuat Yavrum¹, Melike Ezerbolat Ozates², Serdar Ozates³

¹Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, st. no: 80, Kestel, 07425, Antalya, Turkey. fuatyavrum@gmail.com.

International Ophthalmology

|April 23, 2024

Summary

Somatization, a mental process causing unexplained symptoms, is linked to dry eye disease (DED). Patients with DED and persistent subjective symptoms may exhibit somatization, indicating a need for psychological consideration.

Keywords:

Alexithymia Dry eye disease Ocular surface Somatization

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Published on: May 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Psychiatry
Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

Somatization can manifest as medically unexplained and treatment-resistant somatic symptoms.
Dry eye disease (DED) often presents with chronic ocular surface symptoms.
Understanding the psychological underpinnings of DED symptoms is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of somatization in patients diagnosed with DED.
To explore the relationship between subjective DED symptoms and somatization traits.

Main Methods:

A prospective, observational study included 88 patients with DED and ongoing treatment.
Patients were categorized into a symptom group (subjective symptoms) and a control group (no subjective symptoms).
Standardized questionnaires assessed ocular surface disease (OSDI), depression (HAM-D), anxiety (HAM-A), somatization (SCL-90R), alexithymia (TAS), pain catastrophizing (PCS), and symptom interpretation (SIQ).

Main Results:

The symptom group reported significantly higher OSDI, SCL-90R somatization, TAS, PCS, and somatic attributional style scores compared to the control group.
No significant differences in depression (HAM-D) or anxiety (HAM-A) scores were found between groups.
Somatization subscale, PCS, and somatic attributional style showed mild-to-moderate positive correlations with OSDI scores in the symptom group.

Conclusions:

Somatization should be considered in the evaluation of DED patients experiencing chronic, treatment-resistant ocular surface symptoms.
The presence of persistent subjective symptoms in DED may serve as a clinical indicator for underlying somatization.
Integrating psychological assessments can enhance the management of DED patients with complex symptom profiles.