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Related Concept Videos

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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We typically love the people with whom we form relationships, but the type of love we have for our family, friends, and lovers differs. Robert Sternberg (1986) proposed that there are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. These three components form a triangle that defines multiple types of love: this is known as Sternberg’s triangular theory of love. Intimacy is the sharing of details and intimate thoughts and emotions. Passion is the physical attraction—the...
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In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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How are romantic cross-class relationships sustained?

Rose Butler1, Eve Vincent2

  • 1Senior Research Fellow in Sociology, Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.

The British Journal of Sociology
|April 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining cross-class romantic relationships requires significant emotional labor. Navigating class differences involves heightened awareness, friction, and dissonance, but also opportunities for adaptation and recognition.

Keywords:
classcross‐class relationshipsemotioninequalitysocial mobility

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Social Psychology
  • Relationship Studies

Background:

  • Class inequality significantly impacts social structures and personal lives.
  • The maintenance of cross-class romantic relationships is under-researched, particularly concerning emotional and interpersonal dynamics.
  • Societal class structures are often obscured, making cross-class experiences less visible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how individuals maintain romantic relationships across class divides.
  • To examine the emotional and interpersonal labor involved in cross-class relationships.
  • To understand how class differences are experienced and navigated within intimate partnerships.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative research employing in-depth interviews.
  • Study participants: 38 individuals in cross-class relationships in Australia.
  • Analysis focused on emotional and interpersonal labor, class friction, and dissonance.

Main Results:

  • Open acknowledgment of class difference in relationships led to acute, emotionally charged perceptions.
  • Heightened class awareness intensified class friction and dissonance within relationships.
  • Couples engaged in collaborative work to manage class-related discomfort and dissonance.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-class relationships involve significant emotional labor and heightened class awareness.
  • These relationships can disrupt assumptions about class hierarchies and moral distinctions.
  • Class dynamics play a role in enabling adaptation and recognition within intimate partnerships.