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Artificial intelligence and smile design: An e-Delphi consensus statement of ethical challenges.

Rata Rokhshad1, Teodora Karteva1,2, Akhilanand Chaurasia1,3,4

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Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) in smile design requires ethical guidelines. Experts established consensus on key AI ethical principles, including wellness, transparency, and accountability, ensuring responsible technology integration in dentistry.

Keywords:
AI ethicsartificial intelligencedigital dentistryoral healthcaresmile design

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Technology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Smile design software increasingly incorporates artificial intelligence (AI).
  • The integration of AI in smile design presents significant technical and ethical challenges.
  • Evaluating these ethical concerns is crucial for responsible AI implementation in dentistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ethical issues associated with using AI in smile design.
  • To establish a consensus on ethical principles for AI in smile design among international experts.

Main Methods:

  • An international consortium of experts in AI, dentistry, and smile design was assembled.
  • An e-Delphi protocol was employed to achieve consensus on AI ethical principles.
  • Ethical principles assessed included wellness, autonomy, privacy, solidarity, governance, equity, diversity, prudence, accountability, sustainability, and transparency.

Main Results:

  • Initial consensus was reached on seven ethical principles: diversity, transparency, wellness, privacy, prudence, governance, and sustainability.
  • Four principles (equity, accountability, solidarity, autonomy) required reformulation after the first round.
  • Full agreement on all eleven ethical principles for AI in smile design was achieved after the second round.

Conclusions:

  • AI development and deployment in smile design must adhere to a comprehensive set of ethical principles.
  • These principles encompass wellness, autonomy, privacy, solidarity, governance, equity, diversity, prudence, accountability, sustainability, and transparency.
  • Adherence to these ethical standards is vital for the responsible advancement of AI in cosmetic dentistry.